Regeln für Sprache und Strukturen : Standardisierung auf allen Ebenen

Standardisierung ist der bedeutendste Ansatz zu Qualitätssteigerung und Kostensenkung in der Technischen Dokumentation. Es gibt eine Reihe von Standardisierungsansätzen: Modularisierung, Informationsstrukturen, Terminologie, Sprachstrukturen. Dennoch werden diese Ebenen meist getrennt voneinander beschrieben. Wir untersuchen, wie Standardisierungen im Informationsmodell, in der Terminologie und in den sprachlichen Strukturen verknüpft werden und miteinander interagieren

Der Patentlebenszyklus: Methodische L�sungsans�tze der externen Technologieanalyse

Die Technologielebenszyklusanalyse stellt ein geeignetes Instrument f�r die Absch�tzung der Chancen und Risiken innerhalb eines Technologiefeldes und die Ermittlung der Technologieattraktivit�t dar. Durch die Operationalisierung des Technologielebenszyklus als Anzahl der Patentanmeldungen oder Patenterteilungen ber der Zeit kann das Instrumentarium patentstatistischer Analysen eine verl�ssliche Grundlage f�r die externe Technologieanalyse bilden. Die zentrale Problemstellung in der Analysepraxis ist die Abgrenzung des Technologiefeldes, die die Anwendbarkeit der Patentlebenszyklusanalyse bisher einschr�nkt. Der vorliegende Beitrag verdeutlicht am Beispiel des Herzschrittmachers, wie die Abgrenzungsprobleme des Technologiefeldes und der Lebenszyklusphasen gel�st werden k�nnen. Summary: The technology life cycle analysis is an ideal method for estimating the opportunities and threats within a technology field and for determining the attractiveness of a technology. By defining the technology life cycle as the number of patent applications or patents granted over time, the patent analysis tool provides a reliable basis for the external technology forecasting. The main issue in practical analyses is the isolation of the technology field, which limits the way in which patent life cycle analysis can be applied. By discussing the example of the cardiac pacemaker, this paper explains the manner in which a technology field can be isolated and in which the life cycle phases can be identified.Technologielebenszyklus, Patentlebenszyklus, Technologielebenszyklusanalyse, Patentlebenszyklusanalyse, Technologiefeldabgrenzung, Patentanmeldungen, Patenterteilungen

The Nuremberg Music-Ecological Approach: Why are some musicians internationally successful and others not?

Success in music depends on a number of crucial factors with musical talent figuring prominently in gifted research. However, in the Nuremberg Music-Ecological Approach presented in this paper a different view is taken. Instead of talents and factors, the concept of available resources in an individual´s actiotope (Ziegler, 2005) is put in the center of our analysis. Educational Capital refers to exogenous resources and comprises five different forms of resources: Economic Educational Capital, Cultural Educational Capital, Social Educational Capital, Infrastructural Educational Capital and Didactic Educational Capital. Learning Capital refers to endogenous resources and also comprises five different forms of resources: Organismic Learning Capital, Actional Learning Capital, Telic Learning Capital, Episodic Learning Capital and Attentional Learning Capital. Results of an empirical study are reported which was designed to test the claim that successful professional musicians possess more Educational Capital as well as more Learning Capital than their less suc-cessful colleagues. The hypothesis was confirmed with a sample of professional musicians who were successful on a local, regional or international level

Performance of absorption chillers in field tests

Absorption chillers can use waste heat, solar heat, or excess heat by cogeneration facilities to supply chilled water. Therefore, absorption chillers are important components for poly-generation, which can improve plant utilization and efficiency of the overall energy supply system. Currently, 27 new small and medium-scale (30–160 kW cooling capacity) absorption chillers with high efficiency in full- and part-load as well as low specific size and weight are the focus of two research projects sponsored by German Federal Ministries. The chillers are located in 20 different sites, four of them in Jordan and the rest in Germany. The main objective of these projects is to enhance trigeneration and solar cooling system efficiency. The Jordan projects and more than 70% of the German installations use dry cooling towers. Combined heat and power (CHP) plants or district heating grids provide the driving heat for regeneration at the German installations. Solar thermal collectors drive one German and all Jordan installations. Within the projects, the chillers are provided with an intelligent control algorithm that allows achieving several objectives at the same time. One of the objectives, of course, is to match the desired chilled water temperature as well as the cooling capacity. Another objective is, for instance, to fit the hot water outlet temperature. This is commonly essential in cogeneration to avoid emergency shutdowns of the CHP engine. The field operation shows that the deviation of said temperatures from the set point is usually less than ±0.5 K in operation. In those operational hours in which the temperatures of the heat source or heat sink do not allow to reach all objectives, a set of hierarchical aims can be established within the algorithm so that the chiller can be controlled to match its prioritized objectives. Furthermore, the designed absorption chiller performs dynamically and autonomously in a very large range of temperatures and flow rates. These can vary from 20% up to 150% of nominal conditions. This flexibility can be used to achieve up to 80% savings of electrical power consumption using speed-controlled pumps in part load conditions. In contrast to the common opinion that small and medium-scale absorption chillers are not competitive as compared to compression chillers, this paper shows applications in which absorption chillers are advantageous because of synergies with and multiple benefits within the rest of the energy supply system

Domain-Specificity of Educational and Learning Capital: A Study With Musical Talents

Copyright 2020 Reutlinger, Pfeiffer, Stoeger, Vialle and Ziegler. The Education and Learning Capital Approach (ELCA) has been widely used to investigate talent development. A research gap is the implicit consideration of the domain specificity of educational and learning capital. In an empirical study with 365 school students we investigated the domain specificity of the approach for the domains of school learning and learning to play a musical instrument. At the beginning of the school year, students filled out a version of the Questionnaire for Educational and Learning Capital (QELC) for both domains and also responded to other domain-related measures (self-efficacy, grades). Six weeks later, students filled out a learning diary for 1 week in which they reported their activities on an hourly basis and responded to questions concerning these activities. Based on the Sociotope Approach this procedure helped to identify times in which students actually practiced their musical instrument, times that students could potentially practice their musical instrument (objective action space), and times that students would be expected to practice their musical instrument (normative action space). Three hypotheses were tested and could be supported. First, the availability of educational and learning capital for school learning and learning an instrument differed. Second, a confirmatory factor analysis supported the factorial validity of the domain-specific capital measurements. Third, domain-congruent correlations were mostly higher than domain-incongruent correlations, i.e., the availability of educational and learning capital for school learning correlated more closely with variables related to school learning than with variables related to learning a musical instrument. Similarly, the availability of the capitals for learning a musical instrument correlated more closely with variables related to learning a musical instrument

09131 Abstracts Collection -- Service Level Agreements in Grids

From 22.03. to 27.03.09, the Dagstuhl Seminar 09131 ``Service Level Agreements in Grids \u27\u27 was held in Schloss Dagstuhl~--~Leibniz Center for Informatics. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available

Mitochondrial metabolism of guanine nucleotides possible role of guanosine

AbstractThe catabolism of intramitochondrial guanine nucleotides was examined. During 30 min incubation of rat liver mitochondria at 37°C in the presence of oligomycin and carboxyatractyloside, guanine and xanthine were formed and appeared in the medium. Under these conditions, the direct conversion of GMP to guanine by hypoxanthine—guanine phosphoribosyltransferase is suggested to be the main catabolic route within the organelles. Only very small amounts of guanosine were produced and detected both inside and outside the organelles. [14C]Guanosine and [14C]inosine were taken up by the mitochondria. Therefore, guanosine is suggested to be a precursor of intramitochondrial guanine nucleotides

Optimal elliptic Sobolev regularity near three-dimensional, multi-material Neumann vertices

We investigate optimal elliptic regularity (within the scale of Sobolev spaces) of anisotropic div-grad operators in three dimensions at a multi-material vertex on the Neumann boundary part of the polyhedral spatial domain. The gradient of a solution to the corresponding elliptic PDE (in a neighbourhood of the vertex) is integrable to an index greater than three